Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення управління фінансовою стійкістю підприємств торгівлі: автореф. дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня канд. екон. наук: 08.00.09 – бухгалтерський облік, аналіз та аудит (за видами економічної діяльності)

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена науковому обґрунтуванню та вирішенню науковопрактичного завдання, яке полягає в розвитку теоретико-методичного забезпечення та розробці практичних рекомендацій щодо формування обліково-аналітичного забезпечення управління фінансовою стійкістю підприємств торгівлі. У роботі проведено ґрунтовне дослідження змістовного наповнення взаємопов’язаних дефініцій «фінансова стабільність», «економічна стійкість» та «фінансова стійкість», що дозволило уточнити категоріально-термінологічний апарат обліку щодо сутнісного наповнення поняття «фінансова стійкість». За даними аналізу фінансової стійкості досліджено сучасний стан та визначено тенденції розвитку торговельної галузі України. Визначено основні сутнісні характеристики поняття «обліково-аналітичне забезпечення». Систематизовано елементи облікової політики підприємства в залежності від їх впливу на показники звітності. Сформовано технологію формування обліковоаналітичного забезпечення управління фінансовою стійкістю засобами бухгалтерського інжинірингу. Розвинено методичний підхід до організації аналізу фінансової стійкості з використанням сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. Визначено концептуальні засади аналізу фінансової стійкості підприємств торгівлі. Розроблено методику аналізу фінансової стійкості підприємств торгівлі з використанням коефіцієнтного, агрегатного та інтегрального підходів. Сформовано методичний підхід до проведення аналізу ймовірності банкрутства підприємств торгівлі з використанням багатофакторних моделей показників фінансової стійкості

The thesis is devoted to the scientific reasoning and solution of the scientific and practical task which consists in the enlargement of theoretical and methodological support and development of practical recommendations for formation of accounting and analytical support for the management of financial sustainability of trade companies. The thorough research of the content of interdependent definitions "financial stability", "economic stability" and "financial sustainability" was conducted. It was proved that the category “financial sustainability” characterizes the financial condition of a company the most meaningfully. The definition of the concept "financial sustainability" as an analytical interpretation of the economic category which characterizes the financial and economic condition of a company through the set of mutually related and interconnected indicators which values depend on profitability of sales, capital turnover, financial activity, norms of distribution of profits for investment and other needs are formulated, dependency on borrowed funds, balance of own and borrowed capital, efficiency of use of various resources and other socioeconomic factors under uncertain environments and permissible levels of risk. It was proved that sustainable economic development of the country and its regions can only be achieved by obtaining positive values of indicators of financial sustainability of such structural elements as industries, enterprises and organizations. The analysis of financial sustainability of Ukrainian trade companies within 2005-2017 was conducted and a prognostic model was constructed proving that in the absence of effective management financial sustainability of trade companies in Ukraine with a high probability would deteriorate for at least the next two years. In order to improve existing and develop new methods to form accounting and analytical support for financial sustainability management, the main essential characteristics of the concept" accounting and analytical support" were determined in the thesis. The mentioned above was used in the constructed conceptual model of accounting and analytical support for the management of trade companies in which the main components – purpose, object, subject, functions and tasks, as well as principles of building interconnections within the limits of accounting and analytical support are distinguished at the micro level and at the level of the management system, using adapted elements that contribute to the substantiation of methodological aspects in the relevant areas of accounting and analytical support. The elements of accounting policy of a company are classified, depending on their impact on the reporting indicators in three groups: elements that cause changes in financial reporting indicators; elements that do not cause any changes in the financial statements; elements for which a unambiguous assessment is impossible. The algorithm of classification of accounting policy’s elements of a trade company from the standpoint of influence on financial sustainability is developed. The thesis brings on the mechanism and tools of accounting engineering which is based on: 1) a special work plan for megaccounts representing separate economic aggregates ("Noncurrent assets", "Stocks", "Equity" and others); 2) assessment of economic and financial transactions carried out at market (fair) prices; 3) compilation of monitoring derivatives of special purpose balance reports, which reveal the level of financial sustainability taking into account corrective audits carried out; current and expected risks and reserves; introduction of advanced technologies. The information obtained through the developed methodological toolkit allows us to assess the financial stability of the trading company for promising solutions, avoiding false assumptions made on the basis of classical accounting retrospective data. Based on the developed model of financial sustainability management using the accounting engineering tools, the stages of implementation of information and communication technologies in the process of management of a trading enterprise are determined. In order to select the most suitable software product for automating financial analysis at a trade company, the analytical software capabilities were evaluated by allocating their functional contours in relation to different analysis tasks, there were identified the advantages and disadvantages of each software which allowed management personnel of a trade company to formulate recommendations for a reasonable selection of software. Based on the theoretical principles of analysis of financial sustainability as well as the systematic approach to its organization, the structure and components of the conceptual model of financial sustainability analysis which includes the purpose of analysis of financial sustainability, its tasks, subjects, objects, principles and methodical tools are arranged. It is proposed to determine the main content of analysis of financial sustainability as research of condition and movement of financial resources of a company, effectiveness of its operational, investment and financial activities in order to determine strength of financial position of a trade company on the basis of indicators of financial and economic activities. The conducted improved coefficient, aggregate and integral analysis of financial sustainability of trade companies testified that the unstable financial condition of the most trade companies at the sample population which requires development and immediate introduction of anti-crisis management measures at companies. In order to select the most appropriate model for forecasting the probability of bankruptcy of trade companies the description of the most common methodological approaches to forecasting the probability of bankruptcy (Altman Z-score, Springate model, Lis model, Taffler Z-score and Tereshchenko model) is described in the thesis. The parameters of financial sustainability are taken into considerations, the advantages and disadvantages of each are determined. It is substantiated that the most adaptive for domestic companies is Tereshchenko model of prediction of probability of bankruptcy the data of which coincide with the results of the coefficient, aggregate and integral analysis of the financial sustainability of trade companies.