Формування інституційного середовища як передумова зниження рівня трансакційних витрат ведення бізнесу на ринку меду

Abstract

Гриценко В.Л. Формування інституційного середовища як передумова зниження рівня трансакційних витрат ведення бізнесу на ринку меду. Показано роль інституційного середовища у забезпеченні ділової активності пасічників, мотивації до розвитку підприємницької діяльності, кооперації. Охарактеризовано інституційне середовище функціонування ринку продукції бджільництва в Україні, а також виявлені переваги і недоліки функціонування ключових інститутів бізнесу. Наведено перелік найбільш суттєвих трансакційних витрат суб’єктів ринку продукції бджільництва в Україні. Запропоновані шляхи удосконалення інституційного середовища в контексті зниження трансакційних витрат суб’єктів ринку меду.

В.Л. Гриценко. Формирование институционной среды как условие снижения уровня транзакционных издержек ведения бизнеса на рынке меда. В статье показано роль институционной среды в обеспечении деловой активности пчеловодов, мотивации к развитию предпринимательской деятельности, кооперации. Охарактеризовано институционную среду функционирования ринка продукции пчеловодства в Украине, а также выявлены преимущества и недостатки функционирования ключевых институтов бизнеса. Приведен перечень наиболее существенных транзакционных затрат субъектов рынка продукции пчеловодства в Украине. Предложены пути улучшения институционной среды в контексте снижения транзакционных затрат субъектов рынка меда.

V.L. Hrytsenko. The Formation of the Institutional Environment as a Precondition for Reducing the Transaction Costs of Doing Business in the Market of Honey. This article suggests that the efficiency of the market of beekeeping products is determined by its institutional environment and requires an appropriate set of institutions and adequate legislation. The objects are the institutional environment and transaction costs. The aim is to describe the institutional environment of honey market functioning in Ukraine; find out the list of the most significant transaction costs of bee products market in Ukraine. Methodology. A method of abstraction, methods of induction and deduction, polls, dialectical method, analogy, formalization, abstract-logical method have been used in this study. The results. It has been established that the institutional environment is the set of all formal and informal organizations and rules, institutions that define the boundaries of human activity and behavior. The role of the institutional environment to ensure business activity of the beekeepers, motivation for business development, cooperation have been emphasized. The institutional environment of apiculture products market functioning in Ukraine has been widely described. The advantages and disadvantages of the functioning of key business institutions have been also revealed. It has been established that types of transaction costs include costs of searching for information to the transaction; costs of negotiation; consumption measurement; contract costs; costs of monitoring and prevention of opportunism that arise after the conclusion of the agreement; cost specification and protection of property rights; the cost of protection against third parties. In this article 3 stages of making transactions by subjects of honey market: the period before the agreement, the period of making the transaction and the period of control the final execution of the agreement have been determined. Based on the mentioned classification of transaction costs types of costs have been identified in accordance with the individual components of the functioning of the honey market and the range of possible costs has set and its calculations have been made. It's revealed that the largest share of transaction costs is the cost of tests for detection of antibiotics in honey, and the total transaction costs, which is mainly, due to the beekeepers, is about 13 thousand UAH per 1 ton of honey, which reaches 38.2% of the income derived from the sale of 1 ton of honey under these conditions. The opportunistic behavior of customers (retention payments, failure to return of containers, etc.) and the lack of mechanisms to protect beekeepers from such actions impact significantly on reducing the profitability of beekeepers also. The study has proved that the existing institutional framework is inefficient and nonperfect. The ways of improving the institutional environment in the context of reducing transaction costs of market honey have been offered. The scope of the results. This research is primarily useful for beekeeping business management.