Алгоритм діагностики плазмоцитарного пододерматиту у кішок

Abstract

У статті наведено результати досліджень щодо діагностичних етапів за плазмоцитарного пододерматиту у кішок, який включав загальні клінічні дослідження і спеціальні діагностичні критерії (проведення гістоморфологічних досліджень тканин уражених м’якушів лап (біопсія тканин), що встановлювала эпідермоїдний акантоз, інфільтрацію плазматичними клітинами (клітини Мота) та контроль за наявністю вторинної мікрофлори (інфільтрація тканин нейтрофілами) і надавали підставу для встановлення остаточного діагнозу.

The problem of limb disease in cats is a common problem. This is especially concern of the inflammation of the paws. Etiologic factors are bacterial diseases, chronic fungal diseases, hypothermia, systemic allergic diseases, a consequence of autoimmune diseases. Pododermatitis in cats is characterized by versatile similar clinical manifestations, which complicates the diagnosis. Recently, it is recommended to use various tests to determine the cause of the disease in order to establish a definitive diagnosis of pododermatitis in cats and this is relevant and needs to be solved. The purpose of the work is to develop a comprehensive diagnostic approach for pododermatitis in cats. Objectives of the research: to monitor pododermatitis in cats, to establish the main clinical signs of the disease, to detail the elements of diagnosis to make a basic diagnosis. The studies were performed on cats with skin disease in the form of pododermatites living in Kharkiv in the period 2017–2019. At the first stage of the study, anamnestic data were collected, taking into account age, breed, conditions of keeping animals, type of diet. The second stage of the study included general clinical studies and special diagnostic criteria (histomorphological, cytological, mycological tests and thin-needle biopsy). General clinical syndrome included increased cleansing of limbs (licking), severe lameness, tenderness on palpation of pads and during movement, enlargement of their volume, the skin covering on the pads was soft, thin, covered with white scales, some animals occasionally had blood, depigmentation sites were recorded. Making a final diagnosis. Exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Cytology: establish the presence of plasma cells, sometimes microorganisms cocoon. Biopsy and histomorphological studies: detection of polymorphic dermoid plasmacytic infiltrate, with presence of cells of histiocytic granulosa type (polynuclear and plasmocytes), exocytosis in the presence of isolated small lymphocytes, formation in cytoplasm of cells. The proposed scheme of diagnostic studies in dermatopathology in cats provides a differentiated approach to the final diagnosis, especially for pododermatitis of different etiology.