Проблеми та перспективи розвитку науки та інновацій в Україні

Abstract

Проаналізовано основні показники наукової та інноваційної діяльності України за 2016–2020 рр. Визначено основні чинники, що стримують розвиток підприємств у галузі науки та інновацій. Розглянуто шляхи подолання цих проблем та перспективи для України.

The current state of the innovation activity development in Ukraine is insufficient in comparison with the leading European countries. One of the factors, which hinder innovations’ development and implementation, is the lack of sufficient funding from the state, low interest in scientific developments investing by the private and banking sectors of the economy. During 2016–2020, the number of employees, who are involved in research and development, decreased. In 2020, Ukraine ranked 66th place in the Global Talent Competitiveness Index. The costs of research and development are growing every year. The dynamics of the number of innovative industrial enterprises in Ukraine as a whole tends to decreasing. The volume of sold innovative products (goods, services) of industrial enterprises increased during the study period by 29,7%. However, the vast majority of innovative products were new only to enterprises. Most domestic enterprises are aware of the need to innovate, try to implement scientific developments and seek to improve their products and services. The main reason for the low competitiveness of Ukrainian products at the international market is its insufficient quality. There is a threat of Ukraine becoming an exporter of low value-added goods and services. In the goods export structure, priority is given to raw materials and semi-finished products. Goods with high added value occupy much lower positions. The success can be achieved on the base of focusing on priority areas of science and technology, introducing incentives for talented young scientists to work in Ukraine, improving the legal and regulatory framework for effective participation of Ukrainian scientists in international projects, research and innovation programs, creating favorable conditions for participation in international cooperation in science, technologies and innovations sphere.