Права власності на землю в сучасному землекористуванні

Abstract

У статті відображено суть та принципи формування приватної власності в аграрній сфері економіки України. Проаналізовано перебудову земельних відносин на селі, реформування їх згідно зі світовими стандартами. Визначено проблеми сучасного землекористування України та характерні особливості для права власності на землю. Розглянуто особливості існуючого нормативно-правового поля щодо формування права власності на земельні ділянки сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні. Досліджено сучасну структуру власності на землю в Україні та її обробки. Доведено, необхідність подальшого реформування прав власності для подолання трансформаційної кризи в аграрному секторі економіки країни.

The article describes the substance and principles of development of private land ownership in agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy. It analyses the restructuring of land relations in rural areas, reforming them in accordance with world standards. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the measures for the effective functioning of the land ownership in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It identifies the problems of modern land use in Ukraine and the specific features of land ownership. The substance of the concept of land ownership in the economic and legal aspects has been revealed in the article. The peculiarities of the existing legal and regulatory framework concerning the development of titles to plots of land designated for agricultural use in Ukraine have been studied. It has been proved that the economic reform in Ukraine which is aimed at formation of the foundations of a market economy naturally led to the necessity of implementation of world experience into the system of ownership relations, including land ownership. The current structure of land ownership and use in Ukraine has been analyzed. According to the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre (StateGeoCadastre) the calculated structure of the ownership to agricultural lands is as follows: from the total of 41.5 million hectares of agricultural land 31.1 million hectares are in private ownership, accounting for 74.9%, 10.4 million hectares are in the state ownership, accounting for 25, 0%, 25.5 thousand hectares are in communal ownership and 17.4 thousand hectares are in collective ownership, respectively. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, it was found that the total number of landowners and land users as of January 1, 2017 was 25.3 million people; private owners – 23.4 million people; owners of land shares – 6.9 million people. It has been revealed that at the present time of the development of society there is no absolute right of land ownership. World experience demonstrates the need to restrict this right at the legislative level to serve the interests of society as a whole. The content of the title to the land (land plot) reveals the powers of possession, use and disposal of land (land plot), which are enshrined by the provisions of legislative acts. Based on the fact that ownership is not always concentrated in the hands of the owner interested in the results of his activities, there is a need to establish an optimal structure of land ownership in agriculture. The necessity of further reformation of ownership rights to overcome the transformational crisis in the agricultural sector of the country's economy has been proved.