Соціально-історичний розвиток потреб у парадигмі формування сфери послуг

Abstract

Розглянуто проблематику соціально-історичного розвитку потреб у парадигмі формування та функціонування сфери послуг. Проаналізовано розвиток теорії потреб в історії людства та сучасні наукові концепції в теорії потреб, їх виникнення, модифікацію та модернізацію. Доведено, що системоутворюючі теорії потреб стають базовими передумовами сервісології – новітньої науки про задоволення потреб людини та поліплшення якості її життя комплексом соціально орієнтованих послуг.

In the paper we consider the problems of the socio-historical development of needs in the paradigm of the formation and functioning of the services sector. The purpose of the research is to study the processes of formation and functioning of needs in the socio-historical development of mankind, provide the analysis of the transformation processes occurring in it, the research of human needs that arise and are modified in a given society, and the development of a comprehensive service strategy that aims at the formation of quality services to meet consumer needs. The research methodology consisted in a combination of historical-sociological and comparative methods. The method of theoretical, economic-statistical and logical analysis is also used. Socio-historical development of the problems of the needs in the history of thought is productive in characterizing general cultural factors influencing human activity and behavior. The peculiar attitude to the needs that arose in the primitive society and was formed in the times of antiquity and the Middle Ages was enriched in the period of the Renaissance, the Baroque and the Enlightenment. This theory has undergone further development in the German classical philosophy, the theory of Darwin and the writings of other thinkers of the XIX century. Yet only in the works of Z. Freud, A. Maslow, K. Obukhivsky, P. Simonov, and P. Yershov attention is transferred from the thinking of man as the primary source and the driving force of his work to analyze the needs that form the basis of the purposeful behavior of the individual and necessary for the development a comprehensive service and service strategy aimed at developing quality services to improve the needs of the modern consumer. Consideration of the socio-historical development of needs helps to understand and highlight the latest trends in understanding the needs of modern people, which are productive for satisfying the needs of consumers in the service and service activities, which corresponds to the latest paradigm of the development of modern "service society". A comprehensive study of the theory of needs and its correlation with the system of offered services, from our point of view, will allow to build service strategies for use in the hotel and restaurant business.