Гібридизація як метод удосконалення якості свинини

Abstract

Проводилися дослідження основних показників хімічного складу та фізичних властивостей найдовшого м’яза спини свиней різних генотипів при гібридизації. За комплексом показників хімічного складу найдовшого м’яза спини використання кнурів скороспілої м’ясної породи у породно-лінійній гібридизації є більш переважним, оскільки м’ясо їх нащадків є не тільки більш поживним, але і характеризувалися кращим білково-якісним показником. М’ясо гібридних свиней незалежно від генотипу, значення рН яких має зміщення в сторону лужності завдяки меншому накопиченню молочної кислоти, має гіршу збереженість.

Studies were carried out on the main indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi of pigs of different genotypes during hybridization. The indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi were determined by conventional methods. The materials of experimental studies were processed using methods of variation statistics. According to the amount of moisture, no significant difference between the control and experimental groups was established. According to the amount of protein in meat, a tendency to a slight decrease, compared with the control group by 1.4 (group III) … 1.9 % (group II) was established. The use of boars of Poltava meat breed led to a decrease in intramuscular fat in descendants by 0.25 % compared with peers of a large white breed (P <0.95), and precocious meat - to a real increase of this indicator by 0.43 % at P> 0 , 95. A tendency towards an increase in the amount of tryptophan (by 0.04 ... 0.05) and oxyproline (by 0.004 ... 0.005) in the muscles of hybrid animals was revealed in comparison with peers of pure breed of large white breed. In terms of the biological usefulness of meat proteins, animals of group III were the best - in terms of the quality of the protein of the longest muscle of the back, their advantage over peers of group II was 0.07, and compared with purebred peers. Group I - 0.12 (p <0.95). It was found that with the same area of the meat spot both in purebred large white breeds of animals and hydrides of different genotypes, there is a tendency to increase the latter compared to the control in a humid place: with a «share» of «blood» ½ pm by 2.2 %, and with a «share» of blood ½ cm - 1.4 %. A tendency has been established to increase the pH value of the longest back muscle in animals with a «share» of blood of specialized meat breeds compared with a large white breed. In hybrid animals with a «share» of blood of Poltava meat and precocious meat breeds, there is a tendency to increase the pH value in comparison with the large white breed by 0.15 (2.8 %) and by 0.17 (3.1 %), i.e. the meat of hybrid pigs, the pH of which has a shift towards alkalinity due to less accumulation of lactic acid, has a worse preservation.