Санітарно-гігієнічне і технологічне забезпечення – основа біозахисту свинарських підприємств

Abstract

У статті узагальнені дані про значення та роль забезпечення і дотримання комфортних гігієнічних параметрів, санітарних режимів та технологічних прийомів, спрямованих на реалізацію генетичного продуктивного потенціалу, зниження захворюваності та збереження, а також підвищення резистентності організму свиней в умовах їх інтенсивного використання у промислових комплексах.

Data on the role of ensuring and maintaining comfortable hygienic parameters, sanitary regimes and technological methods aimed at realizing the genetic productive potential, reducing morbidity and safety, as well as increasing the resistance of the pig's organism under conditions of their intensive use in industrial complexes was summarized in this article. We emphasized that under the conditions of pig breeding, the genetic productive potential is practically realized only by 40 %, due to non-observance of the hygiene condition of keeping and technology of growing. We are talking about the genotypes of domestic breeding pigs, which are actively replaced by breeds of foreign companies, while, under equal conditions, they are not inferior to those imported from abroad, neither in terms of productive qualities, nor in terms of reproductive and adaptive abilities. It has been shown that the air temperature has the greatest effect on the animals’ health among all abiotic factors, especially on sucker piglets, at a temperature of + 12 ° C and a humidity of 80% and above, as well as when the air is contaminated with microflora over 100 thousand CFU/m3 we diagnosed hypoglycemia. In addition, pig breeding farms are unsafe in sanitary and environmental terms. Aerostases (stagnant zones) often registered in pigs’ farm, due to unregulated ventilation, 25-30 % in 2-row and up to 35-40 % in 4-row barn. The average daily gains decrease by 7-12 %, the milk production decreases by 10-13 % due to the lack of free access of pigs to water. Success in pig breeding is ensured by replacement young animals raised on their own farm, and not imported from other countries. Attention should be focused on prevention of early weaning of piglets (live weight not less than 7 kg at 24-28 days of age), regrouping, movement, which leads to the manifestation of stress, diarrhea, growth depression. Prevention of respiratory diseases is based on strict sanitation, adherence to the principle "everything is empty - everything is busy" and maintaining sanitary breaks. According to our research in a number of pig breeding farms more than 23% of sows are prematurely culled after 2-3 farrowings due to, infertility, limb diseases.