Поширення і структура новоутворень молочної залози кішок (оглядова стаття)

Abstract

У даній роботі наданий огляд результатів сучасних досліджень в Україні та світі щодо частоти зустрічальності та характеру перебігу пухлин молочних залоз у кішок. Пухлини цього напрямку є здебільшого злоякісними, схильні до агресивного росту, дають метастази та призводять до швидкої загибелі тварин. У якості прогностичних параметрів хвороби застосовують морфологічну характеристику пухлини, її гістологічний тип, клінічну стадію захворювання, наявність метастазів, тривалість життя пацієнта та результати генетичних досліджень.

In this article a review of the results of modern studies concerning cat mammary tumor occurrence and progress in Ukraine and all of the world is presented. The urgency of this problem is associated with an increase of the prevalence of mammary gland tumors in cats, in which breast cancer occurs 9 times out of 10. As a result, mammary gland neoformations in cats are predominantly malignant, prone to aggressive growth, metastasize and lead to a rapid death of animals. Veterinary medicine is developing quickly and provides the opportunities for introduction of new diagnostic and treatment methods, including oncopathology of animals. However, despite the significant amount of studies of mammary gland neoplasms in cats, there are still a lot of uncertain issues. The reason for that is a small number of examined cats and the lack of the established register of animals’ oncological diseases, which is essential for better tumors verification and prediction of the disease progression. The morphological characteristic, histological type, clinical stage of the disease, presence of metastases, the patient’s life expectancy and results of genetic studies can be used as cancer predictors. Most scientific data are presented in a descriptive form without providing any correlation with other causative factors of mammary neoplasms in cats. The generalization of the statistics on the course of mammary gland tumors is important for further research of the carcinogenesis mechanisms and implementation of effective methods of assessment of the malignancy degree and invasive potential of tumors. With more information on the etiology and course of breast cancer in cats, these data can be used as a biological model in human medicine. A number of studies demonstrates that human breast cancer is similar in biological behavior, histopathological characteristics, and the nature of metastasis to feline mammary carcinoma. This is due to the similarity of key genes, which are responsible for the development of cancer in humans and cats. The shorter lifespan and fast progression of cancer in model species allow to end the study faster and collect the necessary data about the disease. Consequently, the further studies of the genetic disorders in mammary gland tumors in cats are needed for the comparative oncology.