Вивчення еколого-меліоративного впливу захисних лісових смуг на агрономічні показники чорнозему типового та його еродованого аналога басейну ріки Роганка

Abstract

Викладено результати вивчення еколого-меліоративного впливу захисних лісових смуг на агрономічні показники ґрунту в басейні ріки Роганка. Виявлено позитивний вплив водорегулювальних лісосмуг на родючість ґрунту на відстані до 10Н від лісосмуги, уврожайність сільськогосподарських культур порівняно з більш віддаленими ділянками. Запропоновано контурову систему землеробства з диференційованим внесенням добрив залежно від відстані до водорегулювальної лісосмуги в поєднанні з традиційною системою в зоні дії полезахисних лісосмуг.

Изложены результаты изучения эколого-мелиоративного влияния защитных лесополос на агрономические показатели почвы в бассейне реки Роганка. Отмечено положительное влияние водорегулирующих лесополос на плодородие почвы на расстоянии 10Н от лесополосы, на урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур по сравнению с более отдаленными участками. Предложена контурная система земледелия с дифференцированным внесением удобрений в зависимости от расстояния до водорегулирующей лесополосы в сочетании с традиционной системой в зоне действия полезащитных полос.

The results of the study of the ecological and ameliorative effect of protective forest belts on the agronomic indicators of the soil in the Roganka river basin are presented. The positive effect of water regulating forest belts on soil fertility at a distance of 10Н from the strip, on the yield of c-g crops compared with more distant areas has been revealed. The proposed contouring system of agriculture with a differentiated application of fertilizers depending on the distance to the water-regulating forest belt in combination with the traditional system in the area of the landfields. Directly under the field-protective bogs (first and third transects) a deep-frying black earth is formed, with no signs of erosion, with a big city and stock of humus in the upper part of the profile, than in the field of field gypsy. Forest vegetation contributes to the removal of carbonates from the soil, increasing the chislotnosti from neutral to slightly acid, reducing the amount of calcium oxide due to the influence on the soil of acidic material forest litter, but no signs of opozdilivanie chernozem under the lizards were found. The positive influence of the root of the forest plantations on the aggregation, the increase of the watertight structure and the sparrowth of the soil under the lumber strips have been determined. In the soil under the lakes accumulate more basic nutrients than in the field. The moisture supply is reduced immediately after the field-protecting dry sandwiches. On the other hand, at a distance of 5Н from the livestock belt, the supply of available moisture, on the contrary, increases due to the regulation of the lysosmygoy distribution of snow, reducing the freezing of soil and thus creating conditions for the accumulation of moisture in the pond. With the removal from the forest band more than 5H (first and second transects) and more than 10 Н (third transect), the positive influence of livestock on the main soil fertility indices was not detected. Improvement of the basic indices of soil fertility in the zone of influence of livestock breeds increases the yield of agricultural crops in comparison with more remote areas. Thus, at a distance of five heights from the water regulating livestock, the yield of the crop was 28 c/ha, at the distance of ten heights – 23 c/ha, 15 heights – 21 centners per hectare, 30 heights (in the zone of the adjoining part of the slope) – 26 centners per hectare; For sunflower at a distance of five heights from a field-protected forest path – 23 ts/ha, 10 and 15 altitudes – 21 centners/ha, 30 heights – 20 centners/ha. To eliminate fertile soils in the zone of action of water-regulating livestock, it is necessary, along with the usual agricultural measures, and the contour system of agriculture with differentiated fertilizer application, depending on the distance from the forest belt. The traditional agriculture system is proposed on the equal fields within the limits of the action of the field-protection bogs. Under analogous conditions, on the boundary between the supply and the subsidiary funds, it is possible to promote the creation of contouring livestock from fast-growing breeds.