Вплив мінеральних добавок і добрив на біологічну активність торфових ґрунтів

Abstract

Викладені результати обстеження ґрунтів Рівненської області з метою встановлення зв’язку чинників та умов ґрунтоутворення, поширення ґрунтів та їхніх властивостей з регіональними геоморфологічними районами, а також зміну ґрунтів у сучасних умовах їх використання для проведення моніторингу генетичних особливостей ґрунтів.

Изложенные результаты обследования почв Ровенской области с целью установления связи факторов и условий почвообразования, распространения почв и их свойств с региональными геоморфологическими районами, а также изменение почв в современных условиях их использования для проведения мониторинга генетических особенностей почв.

One of issues of the day of the agricultural use of peat marsh soils there is adjusting of processes of mineralization of organic substance of peat and their care fenland rational use, from one side, and increase of them potential fertility from other. It is the task of reclamation agriculture on the modern stage. It is possible at the use of unconventional measures sharply changing the orientation of soil formation process, antigun composition and properties of the dried peat soils and contributory infringement to speed up their cultivating. The special place among these measures is occupied by the measures of enriching of them arable layer by mineral components (structural land-reclamation) on a background the managed water air mode. Soil is the very difficult biological system in that constantly there are various biochemical processes and transformations. Study of conformities to law and mechanisms of these processes it is very important for development of methods of adjusting of the ground fertility. By the question of biological activity of peat. The improvement of balance of organic substance in long-cultivated peat soils is assist by mineral fertilizers, mainly due to intensification of development of root ages of cultural plants. It allows decreasing the average annual charges of organic substance under long-term herbages. On peat bogs, where does not apply mineral fertilizers there is more rapid introduction of long-term herbages and observed severe losses of peat. In case of the surplus bringing of mineral fertilizers there is a decline of microbiological activity and rates of nitrous connections, that results in maintenance of peat. Innumerous and ambiguous data are about influence of balance organic substance of peat soils. Soils are enrich by mineral additions characterized by a higher quantity and activity of microflora, than logical areas of black culture. Research from the study of influence of structural land- experience in the conditions of Western Poesy of Ukraine. They are characterize by arboreal-canny-sedge botanical composition. The indexes of estimation biological activity we are accept intensity of decomposition of cellulose (that gives an opportunity most full to define the total display of vital functions of the ground microflora and judge about activity of whole group of the ground microorganisms) and intensity of selection of carbon dioxide that is the measure of speed of organic substance. It is also set researches, that more active a 0-20 cm is overhead layer of soil. However on the draught of year a situation changes. The least activity is observe in a spring period; when soil yet is badly warm up, and then the curriculum of cellulose is observe mainly soil.