Родючість ґрунтів садово-паркових об’єктів Луганської області

Abstract

Найбільш високі темпи дегуміфікації зафіксовано в ґрунтах п’яти районів області: 0,50-0,55 т/га. Проблему родючості ґрунтів у садово-паркових екосистемах необхідно вирішувати за рахунок використання компостів та бактеріальних добрив з участю азотфіксаторів.

Наиболее высокие темпы дегумификации зафиксированы в почвах пяти районов Луганской области: 0,50-0,55 т/га. Запас экологической стабильности почвенного покрова в среднем по области составляет 0,3 %. Проблему плодородия почв в садово-парковых экосистемах необходимо решать за счет использования компостов и бактериальных удобрений с участием азотфиксаторов.

In the East of Ukraine the urban areas with a high level of littering were mainly used to create garden and park objects. The soils of these territories have an average content of nutrients and good humus. Objects of landscape design are largely resistant to soil contamination. In Luhansk region garden and park objects are often created on the lands of urban settlements with more than 50 thousand inhabitants: Luhansk, Lisichansk, Alchevsk, Severodonetsk, Antratsyt and others. Garden and park objects are built on small land parcels with the soils typical for a specific area. The average humus content in Luhansk region is 4.01 %. The upper soil layer contains 143 tons of humus, which exceeds the international standard of humus content in soil profile by 60 %. The average content of humus in the soils of Luhansk region ranges from 3.19 % in Sorokinsky district to 4.78 % in Troitsky district. The results of researches show that for the common zonal black soils the lowest optimum humus threshold is 3.8 %. The dynamics analysis of humus substances indicates a sharp rate of losses of the soil organic part in the districts of the region. The highest rates of humus losses were recorded in the soils of 5 districts: 0.50-0.55 t/ha. The insignificant dependence of humus losses rate on the basic humus level is noted. In the soils where the amount of humus reduces to a critical level mineralization happens just in humus. Humus losses in the soils of Luhansk region has reached a critical point. The ecological stability reserve of soil cover in the region is 0.3 % on average. The reduced supply of the soils with the nitrogen available to ornamental plants does not allow for the stable growth and development of plants in garden and park objects. The supply of nitrogen with fertilizers to the soil of landscape objects at planting period is minimal. The average nitrogen content that is easily hydrolyzed in the soils of the region is 111 mg/kg on average and is estimated as insufficient. The application of organic fertilizers substantially affects the humus content in the soil. However the application of organic fertilizers on the lands of garden and park objects is carried out locally during the period of planting trees, and the doses of organic fertilizers application do not exceed 5-15 t/ha for ten years. Modern technologies suppose exclusively local application of fertilizers on the areas of garden and park objects, therefore the problem of soil fertility in urban settlements must be solved by using compost and bacterial fertilizers with the introduction of nitrogen fixators.