До питання вивчення загальної природи функціонування вітрових та водних потоків

Abstract

Стаття присвячена науковим аспектам оптимізації ерозійних процесів на основі врахування спільної природи утворення й функціонування водних та вітрових потоків в умовах певного ландшафту. Розглянуто методологію розрахунків допустимих швидкостей потоків, що відповідає завданням охорони ґрунтів від ерозії визначеним законодавчою базою України

Статья посвящена научным аспектам оптимизации эрозионных процессов на основе учета совместной природы образования и функционирования водных и ветровых потоков в условиях определенного ландшафта. Рассмотрена методология расчетов допустимых скоростей потоков, которая соответствует задачам охраны почв от эрозии определенным законодательной базой Украины.

The article is devoted to the scientific aspects of erosion processes optimization on the basis of taking into account the common nature of the formation and functioning of water and wind flows in conditions of a certain landscape. The methodology of calculations of permissible flow velocities is considered, which corresponds to the task of protecting soils from erosion by the determined legislative base of Ukraine. The current state of the small Ukraine rivers are characterized by the prevalence of accumulation processes over erosion processes. Taking into account the experimental and theoretical conditionality of the dependencies between the types of erosion, we insist that all of them in conditions of additional correction on the experimental materials, allow to establish the optimal method for determining the size of the separated and transported particles of the soil material, as well as the parameters of the common nature of their movement. Numerous investigations show that intensity of soil erosion processes depends on many simultaneous factors. Until today, the practice of optimizing soil protection activities is based on soil runoff prognosis but correctness of such prognosis is definitely lower comparing to the indicators of possible runoff. The general lack of erosion-accumulative process models for permanent waterflows provoke an insufficient elaboration of equations to calculate the deposits expenditures and expenditures, that are involved in the formation of the channel. Most of them include only a qualitative changes of deposits in time during a rivers siltation. Among the existing research methods the erosion prediction occupies an important place of distribution, since it is based on the physical nature of these phenomena and one of the most appropriate to determine the dynamics of the process in nature. The physical nature of the phenomena connected with water and wind soil erosion (deflation) is largely similar, as evidenced versatility of methods determined to obtain the critical water or wind flow velocities and small-particle motion in flows. It is determined, that on the basis of the statements presented in the article, it is possible to obtain weight coefficients for the contribution of each element of the catchment area to the formation of an integrated water-soil river flow or the air flow. The universal dependence of soil losses on the properties of the surface and the main agents of erosion (water or wind flows) have been explicated and explained. It has been established that such parameters of the equations as: the transport potential of the flow, its critical velocities, the potential runoff directions or the main directions of the wind or water flows should be taken into account during optimization and for the purposes of activities selection for the catchment area to prevent siltation.