Особенности абиотических факторов эдафотопов породных отвалов угольных шахт Донбасса

Abstract

Представлены данные об особенностях температурного режима воздуха и поверхности породного отвала. Произведены расчеты гидротермического коэффициента и коэффициента увлажнения. Выделены критерии почвенной влаги породы и проанализировано отношения их доступности для растений.

Представлено дані про особливості температурного режиму повітря і поверхні породного відвалу. Розраховано гідротермічний коефіцієнт та коефіцієнт зволоження. Виділено критерії ґрунтової вологи породи і проаналізовано їх доступність для рослин.

The aim of this work is to study the changes of air temperature regime and species, in comparison with the surrounding territory, determining characteristics of hydrothermal coefficient and coefficient of moisture spoil dumps and allocation of categories of soil moisture available to plants. Monitoring the temperature regime of air and soil showed that in waste dumps of coal mines of Donbass duration of frost free period has increased in comparison with the figure for the region (235-257 days) for 15 days and is in the range 250-272 of the day, because of the elation dumps 50-100 m above the surrounding territory. The sum of positive temperatures increases from 2800-3100°C to 3000-3300°C. In terms of the sum of positive temperatures spoil heaps of coal mines have been growing on many kinds of plants, even heat-loving, and increased to 95-110 days frost-free period after harvest of early crops, theoretically implies the possibility of obtaining a second harvest. Microclimatic characteristics of waste dumps are shown in temperature mode. The depth of freezing of the breed was established by the presence of ice crystals and cementation of the soil in the samples taken from the walls of prikopa, and at the time of research did not exceed 40-45 cm, while the greatest maximum frost depth background soil – 75-130 cm, average – between 45 and 75 cm, the smallest – up to 45 cm. The data on the peculiarities of the temperature regime of the air and the surface of the spoil heaps are presented in the paper. The calculations of the hydrothermal coefficient and humidity factor were made. The criteria of the soil moisture of the rock are singled out and the ratio of their availability to plants is analyzed. In connection with this dumps it is possible to allocate following categories of soil moisture available to plants: the evaporated moisture (by condensation and transformation into film), film (partially) gravitational (in case of rain), capillary-suspended moisture butt