Трансформація деяких агрономічних показників чорнозему типового під впливом лісових смуг в умовах Південно-східного та Західного Лісостепу України

Abstract

Проведено оцінку динаміки основних таксаційних показників лісових насаджень на території Державного підприємства «Зарічненське лісове господарство». Висвітлено основні екологічні функції лісів, що визначає їх природним чинником стабілізації довкілля. Позитивна динаміка основних таксаційних показників деревостанів Зарічненського лісового господарства свідчить про вагомий внесок у стабілізацію довкілля

Проведена оценка динамики основных таксационных показателей лесных насаждений на территории Государственного предприятия «Заречненское лесное хозяйство». Освещены основные экологические функции лесов, что определяет их природным фактором стабилизации окружающей среды. Позитивная динамика основных таксационных показателей деревостанов Заречненского лесного хозяйства свидетельствует о существенном вноске в стабилизацию окружающей среды.

The aim of the investigation is to make an assessment of the dynamics of basic taxation parameters of forest plantations on the territory of the "Zarichnenske forestry" public enterprise as a natural factor of the environment stabilization. The investigations into the ecological assessment of the state of forest ecosystems were conducted during 2014-2016 by techniques accepted in forestry and forest taxation. The research elucidates the main ecological function of forests what qualifies them as a natural factor of environment stabilization. There functions include regulations of water balance, soil protection, oxygen restoration, hold-up of pollutants, habitat, protection against noise etc. The Zarichnenske forestry based on public ownership is a part of Rivne Regional Department of for Forestry and Hunting and subordinate to Ukraine`s State Agency of Forestry. It incorporates two warehouse and 8 territorial forestries Oleksandrivske, Vychivske, Dubrivske, Loknytske, Mutvytske , Ostrivske , Richytske , and Svarytsevytske. While analyzing the dynamics of the age structure of plantations of the basic forest-forming species we can state than positive changes in afforested areas are being only observed for conifers (+ 494.4 ha); as to are hard and soft foliage species their sown areas have decreased. At presents mid-ripening plantation which make 51.7 present pf the total amount are predominant in the forestry, the optimal figure for this category being 31.5 per cent. Saplings make 19.8 per cent of the territory with the optimal figure of 38.5 per cent; ripening plantations figure; ripe as well as over-ripen ones, make 9.2 per cent with optimal 10.7 per cent. As of January 1st, 2015 conifers occupied 62.7 per cent of the area, the figures for hard and soft foliage species were 4.4 and 32.9 respectively. The forestry cultivates the following tree species: Scotch pines, common spruce, common oak, European hornbeam, Predominant are plantations of Scotch pine (62 %) drooping birch (14, 9 %), black older (17 %) and common oak (4 %). The most wide-spread forest tracts by the types of conditions of growing site are damp black alder sudubrava (11.3 %), wet hornbeam sudibrova (9,7 %), wet oak-and-pine subor (12.2 %) , fresh pine forest (12.4 %). The plantations of the basic forest-forming species are characterized by rather high quality crass. Most of the plantations fall under 1st and 2nd bonitet classes. The plantations on the area of 29,728.6 ha (88,4 % of the territory) have been registered with absoluteness equal to 0.6-0.8. As many as 1.4 per cent of the plantations has been registered with absoluteness of 0.3-0.4 which is conditioned by economic activities and natural factors. The analisis pf the dynamics of the basic taxation parameters of productivity of forest stands at the Zarichnenske over the period of 2000-2015 testifies to their overall incisurae which is confirmed by minor growth of wooded land on the territory of the enterprice activities and the area of woodlots and reserved covered with forest vegetation , the conformity of basic forest-forming species to growth conditions, rather high average bonitets of plantations and their positive dynamics which in its turn is positive and essentially influences the environment stabilization.