Урожайність сої, уміст сирого протеїну та жиру в її насінні

Abstract

Наведено результати вивчення впливу внесення фосфорно-калійних добрив (P,K), повного добрива (N,P,K), бактеріального препарату ризогуміну та мікродобрива «Реаком» на врожайність і якість насіння сої. Застосування мінеральних добрив позитивно позначилося на врожайності сої. Фосфорно-калійні добрива мало впливали на врожайність сої, а на всіх варіантах із внесенням повного добрива спостерігався приріст урожаю. Ризогумін позитивно впливав на врожайність сої. Мікродобриво у посушливих умовах було не ефективне, а у вологих підвищувало врожай. Уміст сирого протеїну та жиру не залежав від застосування добрив, але змінювався залежно від погодних умов року

Отражены результаты изучения влияния внесения фосфорно калийных удобрений(P,K), полного удобрения (N,P,K), бактериального препарата ризогумина и микроудобрения «Реаком» на урожайность и качество семян сои. Применение минеральных удобрений положительно влияло на урожайность сои. Фосфорно-калийные удобрения мало влияли на урожайность сои, а по всем вариантам с внесением полного удобрения урожайность сои повышалась. Ризогумин положительно влиял на урожайность сои. Микроудобрение в засушливых условиях было неэффективно, а во влажных повышало урожай. Содержание сырого протеина и жира не зависелo от применения удобрений, но изменялoсь в зависимости от погодных условий года.

Terms of performance soybeans are a balanced mineral nutrition of plants during the growing season, the availability of sufficient quantities of mineral nutrition elements in the soil in the main phases of plant growth and development. Despite numerous tests soybean fertilizer efficiency, which was carried out in different areas of cultivation, many positions of mineral nutrition is not yet resolved. Not fully understood ability of nitrogen fixing rhizobia and their interaction with chemical fertilizers. Suffice different views exist on the application of fertilizers: of complete failure on soybean bactericidal to the use of full doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and fractional uses of nitrogen. Тhe solution of these problems is related main goal of our work: regulation of mineral nutrition of soybean by improving the system of fertilization and integrated application of macro- and micronutrients and bacterial fertilizer. The study was conducted at the experimental field of agricultural chemistry department of Kharkіv national agrarian university named after V.V. Docuchaev during 2015-2016 years. Soil of the field is typical chernozem heavy loamy on loess. "Estafeta" – early ripening variety of soybean was cultivated. Fertilizers made by hand during pre-sowing cultivation, used ammonium nitrate, superphosphate simple and potassium sulfate. Foliar microfertilization «Reakom» carried out in phase budding, bacterial fertilizer – rhizohumin. Pre-sowing treatment seeds by bacterial fertilizer made in the day of planting in a place protected from direct sunlight, at a rate of 200 g for hectare norm of seeds. The yield was determined by manually threshing trial sheaf of 4 m2 of each plot. The content of crude protein and fat was determined by the analyzer infrared "Spektran 115 M". Our research has shown that phosphorus-potassium fertilizers(N,P) had little impact on soybean yields, and in all versions of the introduction of a complete fertilizer (N,P.K) increased yield of soybean. In 2015 received the highest yield in version 5). N60Р60К60 scatter + rhizohumin (1.97 t / ha), as well as version 6). N60Р60К60 locally to a depth of 5 cm and 10 cm by 30 kg + rhizohumin (2.13 t / ha). In 2016 the best options were options 7). N60Р60К60 locally to a depth of 10cm + rhizogumin (2.80 t / ha) and 10). N60Р60К60N locally to a depth of 10 cm + rhizogumin + foliar microfertilization + hydrogel (2.96 t / ha). In our experiment, the content of crude protein and fat in soybean seeds was independent of factors, which were put on the study, but something changed in years. In more arid 2015 crude protein was on average 2 % more than in the wet 2016. A fat, on the contrary, in 2015 formed an average of 2 % less than in 2016. Therefore, macro- and micronutrient, bacterial fertilizer positive Influenced on soybean yield. Efficiency of scatter and local bringing of fertilizers depended on the weather conditions of the growing season.