Особливості виконання окулірування декоративних форм і сортів інтродукованих деревних листяних рослин

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень щодо особливостей проведення окулірування декоративних форм та сортів інтродукованих деревних листяних рослин. Описано результати пошуку найбільш оптимального способу щеплення, терміну та місця його виконання. Проаналізовано взаємовплив підщепи і прищепи, випадки спорідненості й несумісності зростання.

Приведены результаты исследований относительно особенностей проведения окулировки декоративных форм и сортов интродуцированных древесных лиственных растений. Описаны результаты поиска наиболее оптимального способа прививки, срока и места его выполнения. Проанализированы взаимовлияние подвоя и привоя, случаи родства и несовместимости роста.

Interference of rootstock and scion is well studied in horticulture. While for ornamental woody species the issue is poorly understood. The basic condition for successful budding (except high technology way) it is the presence of botanical affinity between the rootstocks and scion, that grafted plants survive better if they belong to the same species or genus. Incompatibility between scion and rootstocks in case of unsuccessful choice of rootstock is manifested in insufficiently robust joined (faults in the bud union), the extinction of the scion, inhibition of shoot growth, early end of the growing season, morbid color (chlorosis) and premature leaf fall, formation of swollen on the site of budding. Equally important to the success of budding is the weather and the technology. In literature there are many recommendations on the place of budding. If you wish to leave as trunk the rootstock budding is performed in the appropriate height (for decorative trees, especially the weeping growth forms, it can be 180-220 cm), but in this case it is necessary to look carefully after and remove the rootstock shoots below the budding to form the desired height of trunk. The purpose of research is to analyze the interaction of the scion and rootstock taking into account their botanical and physiological relationship; choose the optimum time and place of budding, depending on the given species, varieties or forms to ensure high survival rate. There were the following objectives: to consider theoretical and practical bases of budding of ornamental deciduous species, forms, varieties; evaluate interaction of the scion and rootstocks of same or different species, genera, families; empirically choose the most appropriate time and place of budding of decorative deciduous trees. The study was carried out at nursery of ornamentals plants "Osocor" located at the Orzhytskij district, Poltava region. The wide range of exotic conifers and deciduous ornamental woody plants are grown here. The most advanced technologies and materials are used here. Experiments on the time, methods, places of budding were conducted with deciduous trees and shrubs presented at the nursery. In a temperate climate of nursery it is recommended to perform budding in late summer at time of nutrients outflow between July 20 to August 15-20, with dormant bud to ensure its survive at the next year after budding. Fifty buddings were carried out for each variant. Results of survival and preservation are a percentage of the total number of grafted plants. Conclusions. For propagation of various types and forms of ornamental woody plants it should be avoided of choosing of incompatible combinations of scion and rootstock for budding. It is necessary to choose reasonable time and the optimum place of budding, depending on the species, varieties or forms. As a result of the study, the table was created, which is useful for selecting of compatible scion and rootstock for deciduous tree species, time and place of budding execution. It is recommended to perform budding of ornamental deciduous species, varieties and forms in spring (except Acer negundo), and such plants as Crataegus monogyna and oxyacantha, Cerasus avium, Carpinus bétulus, Ulmus parvifolia, Pyrus communis, Ribes aureum, Caragana arborescens, Catalpa vignonioides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Acer negúndo, Malus sylvestris, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Rosa canina, Robínia pseudoacacia, Sorbus aucuparia, Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum vulgare, Prunus cerasifera and divaricata should be budded with their varieties and forms at summer.