Динаміка продуктивності сосняків водобору середньої течії річки Сіверський Донець та використання ними лісорослинного потенціалу

Abstract

Наведено результати дослідження особливостей росту сосняків, їх продуктивності, визначено їх ефективність використання лісорослинного потенціалу в найбільш поширених типах лісу водозбору річки Сіверський Донець. Аналіз динаміки таксаційних показників сосняків лісового фонду проведено на основі повидільної бази даних лісів водозбору Сіверського Дінця, сформованої за матеріалами лісовпорядкування дев’яти державних підприємств лісового господарства Харківської області.

Представлены результаты исследования особенностей роста сосняков, их производительности, определена их эффективность использования лесорастительного потенциала в наиболее распространенных типах леса водосбора реки Северский Донец. Анализ таксационных показателей сосняков лесного фонда был проведен на основе повыдельной базы данных лесов водосбора Северского Донца, сформированной по материалам лесоустройства девяти государственных предприятий лесного хозяйства Харьковской области.

The stands productivity at the rivers’ watersheds is a reflection of the totality of the physical and geographical factors which to some extent characterize the conditions of flow formation and, thus, define water protecting, water-regulating and other environmental functions of the forests. According to the analysis of the actual productivity of the native stands in the dominant types of the forests on the middle course watershed tributaries of the river Seversky Donets it is possible to determine the reserves as to productivity improvement of these stands, to set the order of appointment of the appropriate forestrymeasures in the forests of the middle course watershed tributaries of the river Seversky Donets and consequently to enhance the beneficial ecological functions of the forests. The conducted typological analysis of the forests of the middle course watershed tributaries of the river Seversky Donets River shows that the considerable area on the watershed covers fresh oak and pine subor which is formed mainly on the left bank of the Seversky Donets. It was determined, that thepine forests dominate in the fresh oak and pine suborof the middle course of the Seversky Donets on the area of 25,3 thousand hectares or 97% of the land covered with forest vegetation.The area of the artificial pine stands in the fresh oak and pinesubor of theSeversky Donets is nearly 23.8 thousand ha, or 94%, the natural ones – 1.5 thousand ha or 6% of lands covered with forest vegetation. Comparing the average stocks per 1 ha of the modal pine forests in the fresh oak and pine subor of the left bank of the middle course of the Seversky Donets with the stocks of the highly productive stands, selected by the tables of I. V. Turkevich it was determined that the highly productive stands exceed the modal ones in practically all classes of age according to the data of I. V. Turkevich by stocks per 1 ha.The difference in the values of the stocks only increases with age. The index calculation of typological potential useby the native standsin the fresh oak and pine subor of the left bank of the river Seversky Donets to analyze the level of farming was carried out. In the fresh oak and pine subor the indicator of typological potential use by the pine stands depending on age is 64-85%.The analysis shows that at the age of young growth (the IV-th class ofage) the pine forests have a high rate of typological potentialuse. Typological potential use decreases and reaches a minimum at the age of 91-100 years while aging of the stands. The established index of typological potential use of the middle course watershed of the river Siversky Donets by the pine forests witnesses about the presence of the reserves as to increase of farming in the appropriate forests. Full usage of the reserves of forest conditions will promote the productivity of the pine forests and consequently enhance their beneficial ecological functions.