Особливості адаптації інтродукованих деревних рослин у парку-памʼятці садово-паркового мистецтва – Дендропарк імені В.Д. Байтали

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень щодо умов росту й адаптації інтродукованих деревних рослин в умовах помірного континентального типу клімату на базі парку-пам'ятки садово-паркового мистецтва – дендропарк ім. В. Д. Байтали. Описано особливості пошуку кліматичних аналогів та проведення інтродукційної роботи. Проаналізовано кліматичні показники регіону дослідження за останні п'ятнадцять років. Надано оцінку адаптивності деревних рослин інтродуцентів.

Приведены результаты исследований условий роста и адаптации древесных растений интродуцентов в условиях умеренного континентального типа климата на базе парка-памятника садово паркового искусства – дендропарк им. В. Д. Байталы. Описаны особенности поиска климатических аналогов и проведения интродукционной работы. Проанализированы климатические показатели региона исследования за последние пятнадцать лет. Дана оценка адаптивности древесных растений интродуцентов в дендропарке им. В. Д. Байталы.

Introduction is one of the most important ways to enrich the gene pool of local plants that can solve both theoretical and practical tasks, allows to choose the best plant species with value economic peculiarities. Summarizing the introduction it is necessary to assess the degree of adaptability of plants to new climatic conditions, and the degree of conservation of their properties and signs useful for the economic. The aim of the research is to analyse the diversity of species composition of introduced woody plants in the park named after V. D. Baytala, comprehensive assessment of ecological characteristics of rare introduced species in landscape gardening and determination of valuable plant species for their wider use in landscape gardening of the region. For evaluation of adaptability of plants, and their resistance to winter, drought, insect and disease damages, the scale specified in the method of forest tree species variety testing in Ukraine was used after the following transformation from 9-point scale into 5-point scale. The results of observations performed generalization and adaptability of introduced species evaluated in points the following scale: 5 – high adaptability; 4 – good; 3 – medium; 2 – low adaptability; 1 – complete lack of adaptability – the plants die. The geographical position of the territory of the park has defined its belonging to the temperate climate belt, and extreme southern Atlantic continental temperate humid and temperate warm climate region. The climatic conditions of the region of study were evaluated on the base of indicators such as the number of days per year with temperatures above 5°C and average monthly accumulated positive temperatures, coefficient of moisture, conditions of cold months of the year and the air temperature in winter. Based on this indexes the areas - climate analogues (north-eastern part of the Atlantic region of North America, northern part of Japan, and parts of Central Asia (Bishkek) and the Caucasus) were found. Now in arboretum near 13 thous. woody plants, over 100 species, forms and varieties of trees and shrubs growth. Studied introduced plants have an overall assessment of adaptability within 3,0-4,8 points, respectively, from medium to high, depending on the species or sub-variety of woody plants. Selected plant species may be offered for growing in similar climates in Ukraine in parks-landmarks of gardening. According to the research the most promising for gardening introduced species will be species with high and good adaptability.