Динаміка чисельності мікроартропод у чорноземах типових за умов різного агрогенного та постагрогенного використання

Abstract

Досліджено динаміку чисельності ногохвісток та панцерних кліщів (Collembola, Oribatida) у чорноземах типових глибоких важкосуглинкових у межах Роганського стаціонару за умов різного агрогенного та постагрогенного використання. Установлено, що агрогенне використання суттєво знижує чисельність мікроартропод порівнянно із постагрогенними варіантами. Відмічено різницю чисельності мікроартропод залежно від способів обробітку та попередника.

Исследована динамика численности ногохвосток и панцерных клещей (Collembola, Oribatida) в черноземах типичных глубоких тяжелосуглинистых в пределах Роганского стационара в условиях различного агрогенного и постагрогенного использования. Установлено, что агрогенное использование существенно снижает численность микроартропод по сравнению с постагрогеннимы вариантами. Отмечена разница численности микроартропод в зависимости от способов обработки и предшественника

The dynamics of Collembolas and crustacean pincers population (Collembola, Oribatida) in chernozems (black soils) typical deep heavy loamy within Rohanskyi area under the influence of various agrogene and postagrogene use were investigated. It was established that agrogene use significantly reduces the number of microarthropods as compared to the postagrogene variants. The difference in the number of microarthropods depending upon cultivation methods and precursor was noted. Chernozems (black soils) typical deep of South Eastern part of Forest Steppe region of Ukraine within Rohanskyi area were studied, which was established in 1946. Among agrochernozems the following variants were investigated: winter wheat with a plowing to 23–25 cm depth, winter wheat with shallow cultivation to 10–12 cm depth, sunflower with a plowing to 25–27 cm depth, sunflower with chisel tillage cultivation to 35–40 cm depth, black soils of protected (growing house) and open soil with drip irrigation. Among the postagrogene use of chernozems (black soils), soils were studied the arboretum of Kharkiv NAU named after V. V. Dokuchayev: fallow, cut fallow, oak, birch, pine, spruce. Sampling was conducted in the second week of June and October 2014 and in the second week of April 2015 in layers: grades, 0–5, 5–20, 20–40 centimeters. Microarthropods population density in chernozems typical depends upon the soil use (agrogene – agricultural use; postagrogene – afforestation, meadow) and upon the conditions created in the thick dirt under a specific phytocoenosis. Agrogene use leads to a decrease in the average number of ground mesofauna to the level: 372–732 specimen/m2 (collembola) and 183– 585 specimen/m2 (oribatida); with maximum values of microarthropods number in the summer, except the irrigation variants which had specific annual dynamics of collembola and oribatida number. The most favorable conditions for the development of microarthropods population among the variants of agricultural use was observed in the variant of sunflower with chisel tillage cultivation (collembola – 732 specimen/m2 , oribatida – 530 specimen/m2 ). Afforestation of black soils has increased the number microarthropods (collembolan – 744–1383 specimen/m2 ; oribatida – 581–1044 specimen/m2 ), especially under deciduous species (oak, birch: collembola – 1347–1383 specimen/m2 ; oribatida – 606–1044 specimen/m2 ), where the maximum microarthropods numbers were marked in the spring. Planting of spruces and pines resulted in a smaller microarthropods number (collembola – 744–968 specimen/m2 ; oribatida – 581–662 specimen/m2 ), which had specific annual dynamic of collembola and oribatida number. Fallow use has led to a more stable (homeostasis) population development with smaller fluctuations in their numbers during the year. The average number of microarthropods in the fallow variants ranged: collembola – 840–939 specimen/m2 , oribatida – 337–606 specimen/m2 ; with maximum values in the autumn unlike all the studied variants