Ґрунтово-мікробіологічна індикація різного агрогенного використання чорноземів типових глибоких

Abstract

Проведено дослідження впливу різного агрогенного використання на біогенність та еколого-трофічне угрупування мікроорганізмів чорноземів типових глибоких на прикладі Роганського стаціонару ім. В. В. Докучаєва, що дало можливість подальшого прогнозу розвитку досліджувань чорноземів залежно від ступеня антропогенного впливу. Досліджено чорноземи типові різного агрогенного (рілля, мінімальний обробіток) та постагрогенного (степового та лісового) використання.

Проведено исследование влияния различного агрогенного и постагрогенного (степного и лесного) использования на биогенность и эколого-трофическое группы микроорганизмов черноземов типичных глубоких на примере Роганского стационара, что дало возможность дальнейшего прогноза развития данных черноземов в зависимости от степени антропогенного воздействия. Исследовались черноземы типичные разного агрогенного (пашня, минимальная обработка).

Microbiological researches of typical chornozems of the different use are conducted to reveal the exposure of biodiagnostic parameters, due to which it is possible to diagnose natural (virgin), agrogenic and postagrogenic use (phytomelioration by grasses, afforestation). Actuality of theme relevance of the topic due to the need to address scientific problems indicate changes using different black soil using biodiagnostics indicators that have scientific and practical value to determine the evolution and rational use of black earth soil cover of Ukraine. The biological component of the soil is the most informative component of modern soil that reflects changes in soil today. The studies of changes of biogenesis of typical chornozems were conducted with the use of the expeditionary-field, morphogenic, laboratory-analytical methods. The standards of soil samples were selected from the walls of cuttings with the depths of 0-5 cm, 5-20 cm, 20-40 cm. To study the biological activity of soils the different ecologic-trophic groups of microorganisms were taken into account by means of method of wide microbiological analysis, by sowing soil suspension and washings off from forest fall on dense nourishing environments where microfungi, heterotrophs, microorganisms which assimilate the mineral forms of nitrogen and actinomycetes, oligotrophs and oligonitrotrophs were investigated. Methods for a supervision and account of microorganisms, colonies of in the soil and composition of environments are according microorganisms to D. G. Zvyagintsev. Definition of indicators microbiological transformation of soil organic matter make it possible to take into account the intensity and direction of soil processes that determine the transformation and mineralization of soil organic compounds, can more accurately determine changes in the development of arable soils under agricultural use. Different methods of cultivation and use black soil affect the ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms. The number of actinomycetes in the soil was highest agrogenic, with most of them were used in embodiments where the turnover of soil layer, indicating improving processes denitrification. Traditional use of black soil typical agrogenic diagnosed biogenic significant increase in the layer 0-40 cm (4.9–15.3 million colony forming embryo 1 g soil) by oligotroph olygo and, consequently, low soil Kmaf trofnistyu = 0.7–1.5. As part mikrobocenosis black soil heterotrophic dominated postagrogenic use ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms (fallow – Kmaf = 3,2, oak – Kmaf = 2.4).