Лісистість і структура земель водозбору річки псел

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень структури водозбору річки Псел у межах території України. Площу водозбору поділено за категоріями земель, визначено його фактичну лісистість. За результатами аналізу повидільної бази даних вивчено типологічну структуру лісів та біологічну різноманітність деревостанів у домінантному типі лісу досліджуваного водозбору.

Представлены результаты исследований структуры водосбора реки Псел в границах территории Украины. Произведено распределение площади водосбора на категории земель, определена фактическая лесистость водосбора. По результатам анализа повыдельной базы данных изучена типологическая структура лесов и биологическое разнообразие древостоев, представленных в доминирующем типе леса исследуемого водосбора.

The results of research of river Psyol watershed structure within the territory of Ukraine are presented. Catchment area by land category was divided, actual forest cover was defined. According to the analysis of the selected database typological structure of forests and biological diversity of stands in the dominant forest type are studied. Investigation of the structure watershed lands, namely determining patterns of distribution and formation of forests is important in the forest management of rivers watersheds. The river Psyol flows in Russia and Ukraine - within Sumy and Poltava region, is a left tributary of the Dnieper. The aim of the research was to analyze cartographic material of watershed, the structure of land, identified actual forest cover of Psyol watershed within Ukraine, and measured typological diversity of forest. Catchment boundaries were determined by watershed, which runs along the highest points of the earth's surface located between adjacent watersheds. Catchment area and separate groups of land (water, forests, settlements, roads, etc.) were determined by «OziExplorer» programm using planimeter. Watershed forest typology analysis was performed on the basis of forestry ecological direction of the forest typology (Ostapenko, 2002; Pogrebnyak, 1955). The total area of the Psyol watershed is 22.8 thousand km, in Ukraine - 16.3 thousand km. According of the research on watershed a certain proportion of individual categories of land is formed. The forest typological structure of Psyol watershed quite varied. Area of poor site conditions is actually 10.3 thousand ha or 8%, relatively poor site conditions - 30.3 thousand ha or 22%, relatively rich site conditions - 23.4 thousand ha or 17%, rich site conditions - 72.1 thousand ha or 53% of the lands covered with forests of Psyol watershed. The widest represented edatop is fresh rich site conditions, an area of 62.0 thousand ha, which is actually 46% of the total land area covered by forest vegetation of investigated catchment. Also, a large area is fresh relatively poor and relatively rich site conditions, area is respectively 29.2 thousand ha or 21% and 16.2 thousand ha or 12%, dry poor site conditions 3.2 thousand ha or 2%, fresh poor site conditions – 7.1 or 5% of the land area covered by forest vegetation of investigated watershed. The native oakery representing an area of 31.6 thousand ha or about 78% of the total area of the fresh maple-lime oak forest type. The presence of relatively large areas of derivatives stands in a dominant type of forest on Psyol watershed necessitates the introduction of measures aimed at transforming the derivatives stands to the native.