Поширення лісопатологічних процесів у вільхових деревостанах України

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень патологічних процесів у вільхових насадженнях. Установлено масштаби розповсюдження та динаміку всихання вільшаників і фактори, які спричиняють враження дерев вільхи чорної хворобами та шкідниками.

Приведены результаты исследований патологических процессов в ольховых насаждениях. Установлены масштабы распространения и динамику усыхания ольшаников и факторы, которые вызывают впечатление деревьев ольхи черной болезнями и вредителями.

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa Geartn), is one of the main tree species in Ukrainian forests. One of the main factors of alder stands formation is sufficient flow-through and excessive moisture. So alder stands can serve as indicator of climate change. From this perspective, it is important to assess the dynamics of the area covered with alder stands and changes in their condition over time. Natural alder stands as seed and coppice, due to sudden changes in the hydrological regime caused a sharp climate changes and human impacts, affected by various diseases, mostly by stem rot and less damaged leaf insects.The objects of research are alder stands of Ukraine. The basis of the research is database of forest stands of Ukraine, which were damaged by pathological processes. Base formed on the basis of forest enterprises data collected by the appropriate method. The collected data were analyzed using special software. Degree of forest pathology process was assessed by determining the proportion of black alder stand areas, which were marked by certain pathological processes of this species covered area. During research taxation data base of alder stands of Ukraine was processed. The prevalence of pathological processes in alder stands (based on our technique by determining the proportion of black alder stand areas, which were marked by certain pathological processes of this species covered area) for vegetation zones and regional forest management, and outbreaks spread of these processes for the period 1991 - 2009 years was analyzed.The extent of pathological processes for alder stands in different vegetation zones of Ukraine is different. Evident geographic pattern of increase in the total area affected stands from south to north. So in Polissya the area of damaged stands is much greater than in forest-steppe and steppe. This is due to a much greater total area of alder stands in the region Polissya. Analysis of the percentage affected stands shows that for the period 1991 - 2009 the largest part of damaged alder stands acquired in Steppe, because of their greater sensitivity to climate change. So in the Right-Bank Steppe degree of impression is – 30%, in Left bank Steppe – 12% in the Left-bank Forest Steppe – 8%, in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe – 4%, in the Right-bank Polissya – 3%. The best condition of alder stands is in left bank Polissya, spread of pathological processes for the period 1991 - 2009 years does not exceed 0.3%. Study periods of pathological processes over the years shows that the increase in the area weakened and dying stands is not depend of vegetation zones, and the determining factor is the sharp climate change.