Вплив обробітку ґрунту на ферментативну активність чорнозему типового

Abstract

Наведено результати дослідження рівнів активності різних класів ґрунтових ферментів чорнозему типового в прикореневій зоні та міжрядді протягом усього вегетаційного періоду озимого жита за різних способів обробітку ґрунту. Установлено, що ферментативна активність ґрунту загалом зростає зі змешенням механічного навантаження на ґрунт. Так, у прикореневій зоні рослин на варіантах з культивацією та No-till формується активний мікробний ценоз з інтенсивним ензимним комплексом.

Приведены результаты исследования уровней активности разных классов почвенных ферментов чернозема типичного в прикорневой зоне и междурядий на протяжении всего вегетационного периода озимой ржи при применении различных способов обработки почвы. Установлено, что ферментативная активность почвы, в целом, возрастает с уменьшением механической нагрузки на почву. Так, в прикорневой зоне на вариантах с культивацией и No-till формируется активный микробный ценоз с интенсивным энзимным комплексом

The scientific literature has accumulated enough information about changing the properties of soil, by using different tillage systems and technology No-till, which in modern terms begins its implementation in agriculture. But these investigations relate mainly agrophysical and physico chemical changes in the soil, and partly biological ones. The purpose of our research was to establish the level of enzymatic activity of chernozem typical under influence of various ways of tillage: plowing, disking, cultivation, zero-tillage. To install the enzyme activity of chernozem typical there were defined soil enzyme activity levels of different classes: polyphenoloxidase, dehydrogenase (class of oxidoreductases) and invertase (class of hydrolases). The obtained results indicate that under conditions of soil tillage minimization, levels of activity of polyphenoloxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes were increased. There was no significant impact of tillage on the level of invertase activity. Our investigations have established that the enzymatic activity of the soil, in general, increases with decreasing mechanical load on the ground. It is important during the active growing season, where the functions of the soil microflora exert maximum effect. It is necessary to emphasize the fact that under conditions of clear differentiation of the number of the main agronomically useful groups of microorganisms (data has been highlighted in previous publications) their functional activity is also higher in these variants. Thus, in the root zone of plants in cultivation variants and No-till microbial cenosis with heavy enzyme complex is formed that affects the nutrient regime. A similar trend was found in aisle: with minimization of soil tillage the biochemical activity increases, but all the same less comparing with the root zone.During harvest enzymatic activity is faded in basal areas and maintained at the same level in the aisle. This differentiation of microbial communities not only by the number but also functional activity enables the rational use of natural potential of native flora, which was formed in the root zone and strictly specific to each type of plant.