Трансформація органічної речовини чорнозему опідзоленого в умовах удобрення осадами міських стічних вод

Abstract

Проаналізовано зміни вмісту гумусу та показників його якості в умовах дії та післядії осадів міських стічних вод (ОСВ) на чорноземі опідзоленому. Доведено, що удобрення ґрунту ОСВ позитивно впливає на закріплення гумусових речовин, а також на вміст загальної органічної речовини, її лабільної та водорозчинної форм.

Проанализированы изменения содержания гумуса и показателей его качества в условиях действия и последействия осадков городских сточных вод (ОСВ) на черноземе оподзоленном. Доказано, что удобрение почвы ОСВ положительно влияет на закрепление гумусовых веществ, а также на содержание общего органического вещества, его лабильной и водорастворимой форм.

The issue of assessment and monitoring of soil humus has great scientific and practical value for preservation of soil fertility and increasing crops productivity. Currently in Ukraine because of low use of organic fertilizers soil humus reduction is specified. Due to decreasing of organic fertilizers production significantly increase the role of alternative types of fertilizers, including municipal sewage sludge. Sewage sludge utilization would be perspective to replenishment of soil organic matter, but such researches need to expand. Organic matter transformation of chernozem podzolic under the effect and aftereffect of sewage sludge was studied in pot experiment. The scheme of the experiment: 1 - without fertilizer (control); 2 - sewage sludge in dose 4 t / ha; 3 - sewage sludge in dose 9 t / ha, 4 - sewage sludge in dose of 13.7 t / ha, 5 – mineral fertilizer N30P30K30. Crops: rape (effect) and barley (aftereffect). Municipal sewage sludge with following parameters: general forms content of carbon – 28.79 %, nitrogen – 2.41 %, phosphorus – 2.86 % and potassium – 0.39% was explored. We established that under the effect of sewage sludge in chernozem podzolic increase content of 1-st fraction of humic acid - the most labile in soil organic matter. After introduction of 9 and 13.7 tons of sewage sludge per ha increasing content of fraction related with calcium on 17 and 26 %, respectively was observed. This is due to introduction humic acids with fertilizer, which were stabilized in compounds with calcium during sewage sludge storage. Cha1:Cfa1 expansion indicates intensification of humification process by new formation of humic acids. During sewage sludge aftereffect this index reduced because of humic substances system is complicated; this is evidenced by increasing Cha2:Cfa2. Analyzing content of labile organic matter in chernozem podzolic after sewage sludge introduction notes its proportional increase relative to fertilizer dose. As for transformation of water-soluble organic matter, only sewage sludge in dose13.7 t / ha led to significant increasing of this criterion. It can be explained by a low content of this fraction of organic matter in the studied sewage sludge. Promoting enhance of the transformation of soil organic matter under the effect of sewage sludge was proved. Positive influence of sewage sludge on consolidation of humic substances in chernozem podzolic was established. After sewage sludge introducing increase in the content of total organic matter and its labile and water-soluble forms was noted. However, stable aftereffect of sewage sludge on soil organic matter was not revealed.