Вплив якісного складу органічної речовини ґрунтів на надходження цинку в сільськогосподарські культури

Abstract

The role of fulvic acids a source of N, P, K and other nutrients is well-known. However, these substances have a high content of zinc, copper, manganese and other trace elements in the composition. In this article we tried to determine the role of soil organic matter and its components on the availability of micronutrients for plants. Methods. The research was conducted using green house, laboratory and mathematical methods. Plants were grown for 6 types of soils: sod-podzolic, gray forest, chornozem podzolic, chornozem typic, chornozem ordinary and chestnut saline soil that are significantly different in composition of organic matter and other properties. Mobile forms of zinc in the soil was extracted with 1N buffer solution of ammonium acetate, pH 4,8. The determination of zinc content in plants and soil samples was conducted with atomic absorption method. Results. The greatest accumulation of zinc in the green mass of barley, oats, peas and buckwheat was on the gray forest and sod podzolic soils, where the fulvic acids predominate in the humus. Smallest accumulation of zinc in plants characteristic of the soil where the ratio Cha / Cfa was greater than 1. For example, the content of zinc in the green mass of oats, which was grown on a gray forest soil is 30 mg / kg dry weight, and the plants are grown on colored saline soils is several times lower - 7 mg / kg. Accumulation of zinc in plants depends essentially on their plant species. The highest accumulation of zinc among the studied crops have peas and buckwheat. Under favorable conditions, they accumulate 70 and 85 mg / kg dry weight, respectively. The smallest accumulation of zinc in the green mass has grasses. Under favorable conditions, they accumulate this trace mineral in an amount of 35 mg / kg dry weight. Novelty. This factor by force of impact on the translocation of zinc in plants dominated by the influence of important soil properties as pH, content of physical clay particles, content of organic matter and even content of available forms of zinc. Exceptions were only buckwheat plants for which the accumulation of zinc was determined by the pH of the soil (r = -0,82) and does not depend on the content of mobile forms of this trace elements. Conclusions. The qualitative composition of the soil organic matter can be used as a reliable indicator of content of mobile forms of zinc and their availability to plants.

Установлено, что качественный состав органического вещества почв оказывает существенное влияние на накопление цинка в сельскохозяйственных культурах. Наибольшее накопление цинка в зелёной массе ячменя, овса, гороха и гречихи наблюдалось на серой лесной и дерново-подзолистой почвах, где соотношение СГК / СФК составляет менее 1. Данный критерий также хорошо согласуется с наличием доступных форм цинка в почвах.

Установлено, що якісний склад органічної речовини ґрунтів істотно впливає на надходження цинку в сільськогосподарські культури. Найбільше накопичення цинку в зеленій масі ячменю, вівса, гороху та гречки відбувалося на сірому лісовому та дерново-підзолистому ґрунтах, де співвідношення СГК / СФК становить менше 1. Цей критерій добре узгоджується з наявністю доступних форм цинку в ґрунтах.