Неоконсервативна модель політикив сфері регулювання економічних відносин: досвід 1980-90-Х рр.

Abstract

Розглянуто сутнісні характеристики та досвід реалізації неоконсервативної моделі державного регулювання економіки. Теоретичні основи неконсервативної моделі державного регулювання економічних процесів базувалися на ідеї «практичного монетарного ринку», тобто основних положень кейнсіанства, які були адаптовані до умов ринкової економіки недосконалої конкуренції (а фактично олігополії) та обмеженого зростання ринку обсягів. На відміну від кейнсіанської моделі, неоконсервативна спиралася на єдність макро- і мікроекономічних умов економічного розвитку і регулювала їх взаємодію. У цілому вона продемонструвала задовільний рівень керованості економікою в рамках циклічного підйому, однак не змогла створити дієвого механізму інституційного розв’язання його суперечностей.

In the article the intrinsic characteristics and experience in implementing neo-conservative model of state regulation of the economy. The theoretical foundations of the non-conservative model of state regulation of economic processes were based on the idea of "practical monetary market", is the basic principles of Keynesianism, which were adapted to market economy conditions of imperfect competition (and in fact oligopoly) and limited market growth. The political and legal status of the neoconservative model of state regulation was developed at the turn of the 1870s and 1880s and contributed to its rapid introduction into economic life. In England, it was implemented as the theory and practice of "Thatcherism", in the history of the United States went under the name "Reaganomics", and in Japan it was called "the strategy of national economic exclusivity. The basic macroeconomic condition for the normal development of the economy in the neoconservative model is the balance of money circulation and market demand, which is based on the following concepts: - economic cycle, which is determined by the volume of money supply and the speed of its circulation, so the basis of this policy is to curb the growth of money supply; - "supply theory", which saw the basis of economic growth in low taxes for big business as the locomotive of the economy and deregulation market for it; -the concept of "rational expectations", which is to stimulate aggregate demand not so much through government regulation (as was customary in Keynesianism), but through the stimulation of the psychology of business investors It is shown that in contrast to the Keynesian model was based on the unity of neo-conservas a development of the Keynesian system of state regulation of the economy, the neoconservative model at the same time reflected the complex structure of the economic mechanism, interacted with its components (including market regulation) and together with them tried to regulate phases of the economic cycle. However, although its effectiveness in terms of time and content was higher than Keynesian, its level of control over economic development, especially the cycle of the 1980s, remained about the same. As a result, the neoconservative model, despite the above advantages, quickly exhausted itself and was rejectedative macro- and microeconomic terms of economic development and regulate their interaction. In general, it has demonstrated a satisfactory level of control within the economy cyclical recovery, but failed to create an effective mechanism for resolving its institutional contradictions