Наследование крупноплодности среди гибридных потомков Ribes nigrum L.

Abstract

Сазонов Ф.Ф. Наследование крупноплодности среди гибридных потомков Ribes nigrum L. Изучена генетическая коллекция сортов смородины чѐрной Кокинского опорного пункта ФГБНУ ВСТИСП (около 110 сортообразцов), из которой выделены доноры и источники признака крупноплодности. Отобраны лучшие комбинации скрещиваний, популяции от само- и свободного опыления, в потомстве которых отмечена значительная доля крупноплодных сеянцев. Из гибридного фонда выделены лучшие крупноплодные отборные формы смородины чѐрной, представляющие интерес для дальнейшего использования в практической селекции, а также сорта и элитные отборы, перспективные для любительского и промышленного садоводства.

Ф.Ф. Сазонов. Спадкування великоплідності серед гібридних нащадків Ribes nigrum L. Вивчено генетичну колекцію сортів смородини чорної Кокінского опорного пункту ФДБНУ ВСТІСП (близько 110 сортозразків), з якої виділені донори і джерела ознаки великоплідності. Відібрано кращі комбінації схрещувань, популяції від само- і вільного запилення, у потомстві яких відзначено значну частку великоплідних сіянців. З гібридного фонду виділено кращі великоплідні добірні форми смородини чорної, що представляють інтерес для подальшого використання в практичній селекції, а також сорти й елітні відбори, перспективні для любительського та промислового садівництва.

Sazonov F.F. Inheritance of large-fruitedness in the hybrid posterity Ribes nigrum L. The creation of large-fruited cultivars is one of the priority tasks of black currant breeding. It is known, that large-fruitedness is largely determined by the genotype of plants. The methodological basis of the research was «Program and Methodology of Breeding of Fruit, Berry and Nut Bearing Crops». The research objects included about 110 cultivars of black currant and about 200 selected forms and about 3,000 seedlings from controlled crossing, inbreeding and free pollination. The hybridological analysis showed, that the highest yield of large-fruited seedlings in populations with participation of large-fruited initial forms was noted. So, in the families of Debryansk x Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Dar Smol’yaninovoy x Debryansk, Dar Smolyaninovoy x Litvinovskaya, (Izyumnaya x Primorskiy champion I2) x Selechenskaya 2, 7-1-157 x Litvinovskaya, Yadryonaya x Istok, Istik x Selechenskaya 2, etc. a share of seedlings with fruit mass of more than 1,5 grams was over 16,4-40,3%. The share of small-fruited seedlings sharply increases when included in the crossing forms with medium and small fruits. The intermediate inheritance of fruit mass by the posterity, or evasion towards the small-fruited parent or its complete dominance has been noted in most studied families The exceptions were the families of Kipiana x Glariosa (2009), where a heterogeneous effect on mass of berries (Нр = +3,0) (HP= +3,0) was observed and Brödtorp x Sudarushka (2010), where the total dominance of the best parent (Нр = +1,0) was noted. The genotypes with a mass of berries of 2,0-2,5 g have been identified among the seedlings of these combinations. The definition of the inheritance coefficient has allowed to identify families in which the inheritance of the large-fruited sign evaded to the best parent. These combinations are such as Orloviya x Nara (Hp = +0,2), Gamayun x Gulliver, Kipiana x Glariosa (Нp = +0,3). In the family of large-fruited parents, Yadryonaya and Istok, despite the fact that there is a strong depression in the inheritance of size berries (Нp = -13,0), 11,1% of hybrids, which exceed the best initial form in the studied sign has been selected. During the period of research a number of large-scale selections for selection were singled out from the hybrid black currant fund obtained by controlled crossbreeding, inbreeding and free pollination of the original forms of complex interspecific origin. Among them forms 36-27-8/05 (average mass of berries 2,2 g, maximum – 3,8 g), 39-03- 1 (2,2 g and 4,6 g respectively) 63-35-1 (2,2 g and 5,7 g), 5-66-5 (2,3 g and 3,7 g), 37-27- 4/05 (2,3 g and 4,1 g) , 68-03-1 (2,5 g and 4,0 g), 11-6/05 (2,8 g and 4,2 g), etc are of special interest. The selected genotypes represent a heterotic forms, since the initial forms, involved in their creation, formed fruits with an average mass of no more than 2,1 g. Donors and genetic sources of large-fruitedness: Dar Smolyaninova, Glariosa, Iskushenie, Kipiana, Lentyai, Litvinovskaya, Monisto, Partizanka Bryanskaya, Selechenskaya 2, Sof’evskaya, Tamerlan, Yadryonaya, as well as cultivars and elite breedings of Kokino Base Station All-Russia Selective Technology Institute for Horticulture and Nursery Gardening: Bryanski agat, Gamayun, Debryansk, Istok, Kudesnik, Mith, Etyud, SK-11, 2F-01, 4-5-2, 3-37-2/02, 8-4-5, 8-4-6, 8-70-7, 36-17-8, 36-27-2/05, 53-33-1, 63-5-3, 8-4-1, 63-35-1, 6-10-91, 6-14-3, 5-66-5 and others have been highlighted as a result of the research. All the allocated genotypes represent scientific value, and they will be included into further breeding work to improve the assortment of black currant, and some cultivars are recommended for production use.