Використання мікробних препаратів для оптимізації живлення рослин буряку столового

Abstract

O.V. Кuts. The use of microbial preparations for optimization of plant nutrition of beetroot. Modern microbial preparations are characterized by a wide polyfunctional action, which includes the provision of biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate mobilization, growth stimulation in the plant's rhizosphere, accelerating the decomposition of plant remains and protecting plants from pathogens and phytophages. The use of microbial preparations does not require high energy and material costs. The aim of the research was to determine the efficiency of using microbial preparations in the technology of growing table beet in the conditions of the Left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Scientific researchers were carried out at the Institute of Vegetables and Melon growing of NAAS during 2014-2016 years on the typical black soil with low-humus. The efficiency of microbial preparations ABT, Azotophit, Biogran and Phosphogumin was studied. The technology of growing table beet of the Bordo Kharkivskiy variety is generally accepted for the zone of the Left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Significant growth in the total yield of table beet provides the use of all studied microbial preparations, except Azotophit. The high level of yield was notical under the introduction of microbial preparation ABT (35,7 t/ha). It should be also emphasized that there is no synergistic effect of the preparation ABT (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and Phosphogumin (phosphorus-metabolizing microorganisms). The level of productivity of commodity root crops correlated with the total yield of table beet. The use of ABT, Azotophit, Biogran and Phosphofumin causes the increase in the yield of commodity root crops by 4,2-5,7 t/ha or by 15,8-20,4 % accordingly to the control of the commodity crop yield 26,5 t/ha. It should be noted that Azotophit and Biogran have a positive effect on increase of output of commodity products to 93,0- 92,3%, whereas in the control variant this indicator was 86,9%. The use of microbial preparations did not have a significant effect on the content of biologically active substances in root crops of table beet plant. The tendency to increase the content of dry matter in the root crops is observed with the use of Azotophit, Biogran and Phosphogumin (17,9-18,84 %). The positive tendency to increase the content of total sugars in root crops is obscried for the use of Azotophit and Phosphogumin (13,04 and 12,87 % accordingly). Then under the use of other microbial preparations, the content of total sugar ranged from 12,09-12,39 %, that is, at the control level (12,27%). The content of ascorbic acid microbial preparations was not significantly affected; while this figure ranged 9,85-9,98 mg/100 g. The betanin content in the roots was 472- 493 mg/kg; a significant difference with the control variant was not noticel (468 mg/kg). The content of nitrate in the root of table beet ranged from 331-366 mg/kg of wet weight, which was significantly below the maximum level, but not significantly differed with the various microbial agents. Subsequently, microbial preparations ABT and Azotophit and bioorganic fertilizer Phosphogumin can be used in systems of optimization of table beet nutrition for different growing technologies (organic, resource-saving).

А.В. Куц. Использование микробных препаратов для оптимизации питания растений свеклы столовой. Представлена эффективность использования различных микробных препаратов для оптимизации питания растений свеклы столовой в орошаемых условиях Левобережной Лесостепи Украины. Установлено, что применение микробных препаратов АБТ и Азотофит, биоорганического удобрения Фосфогумин способствует увеличению урожайности товарных корнеплодов свеклы столовой на 16–23 %; при внесении препаратов Азотофит и Фосфогумин отмечается тенденция к улучшению биохимических показателей продукции.

Куц О.В. Використання мікробних препаратів для оптимізації живлення рослин буряку столового. Досліджено ефективність використання різних мікробних препаратів для оптимізації живлення рослин буряку столового в зрошуваних умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України. З‘ясовано, що застосування мікробних препаратів АБТ і Азотофіт, біоорганічного добрива Фосфогумін сприяє збільшенню врожайності товарних коренеплодів буряку столового на 16–23 %. За внесення препаратів Азотофіт і Фосфогумін відзначено тенденцію до поліпшення біохімічних показників продукції.