Мінливість морфологічних ознак рослин під впливом гамма-променів

Abstract

Васько В.О., Гудим О.В., Гопцій Т.І., Кириченко В.В. Мінливість морфологічних ознак рослин під впливом гамма-променів. Показано, що обробка насіння соняшнику Helianthus annuus L. та амаранта Amaranthus hуpohondriacus L гамма-променями є ефективною для індукування широкого спектра та високої частоти морфофізіологічних змін. У паралельних дослідженнях авторів проаналізовано популяції М1 та М2 соняшнику і амаранта та виділено ряд морфозів індукованих різними дозами гамма-променів.

В.О. Васько, Е.В. Гудым, Т.И. Гопций, В.В. Кириченко. Изменчивость морфологических признаков растений под влиянием гамма-лучей. Показано, что обработка семянок подсолнечника Helianthus annuus L. и амаранта Amaranthus hуpohondriacus L гамма-лучами является эффективной для индукции широкого спектра и высокй частоты морфофизиологических изменений. В параллельных исследованиях авторов проанализировано популяции М1 и М2 подсолнечника и амаранта, выделен ряд морфоз индуцированных разными дозами гамма-лучей.

V.O. Vas`ko, O.V. Gudym, T.I. Goptsіy, V.V. Kyrychenko. Morphological variability features of plants under the influence of gamma-rays. Efficiency of physical mutagens, which are used in breeding crops for creation of new forms, is important. Proof of this data is shown in the international experience by creating mutant varieties, among the 1611 mutant varieties of different cultures 999 were created by radiation mutagenesisThe first attempts to affect the plants with the help of X ray or ultraviolet rays were made by the Italian Alberto Pirovano in 1922. In 1925, G.A. Nadson and G.S. Filipov, reported that exposure to ionizing radiation leads to the appearance of mutations in the lower fungi. In 1927, Muller said that X-rays have a significant impact on the incidence of mutations of Drosophila, and a year later Stadler confirmed this data in studies with corn and barley. Genetic effects of ionizing radiation were deeply studied in plants and microorganisms. L.N. Delone in 1928 year and in 1934 year A.A. Sapegin used X-rays to produce mutations during selection The aim of our research is to study the frequency and spectrum of morphological changes in the populations of the M1 and M2 sunflower and amaranth , grown from seeds of differently treated doses of gamma-rays Three varieties of amaranth were involved in the experiment of A. hуpohondriacus type: Sem, Kharkov-1, Student. Doses of irradiation – 15 Gy, 30 Gy , 40 Gy , 150 Gy, 400 GY and 700 Gy . M1 and M2 sunflower plants served as the material for the study of the influence on the population, resulting from 12 self-pollinated seed treatment lines with gamma - rays ( 120 Gy and 150 Gy). The source of irradiation - 60Co. As a result of exposure to M1 generation, the number of Morphosis that was received was associated with a change in the amaranth plant. The following anomalies were the most common: the branching of the main stem at the bottom; branching of the stem in the upper part; triple stem; spike clavate and brush, the check of which confirmed mutation presence in M2 , the study of which will be continued in the M3. Plants with the changes of morphological traits were selected in M2 with the following signs: earliness, green or red brush, check of which will also be implemented in the M3 With radiation doses of 400 Gy and 700 Gy resulted with a death of visually normal plants. It can explained by a mutagenic factor which causes stretching in the cells, so that the seeds germinate and then die. M1 sunflower generation analysis showed that the overall incidence of morphological changes caused by gamma - rays was high for all of the samples , which indicates their significant impact on the growth and development of the generation of the mutant sunflower. In 2014, a wide range of morphological changes of various types have been allocated in the M1 sunflower, is a violation of the synthesis of chlorophyll, a change in color, shape and size of the basket , warping habit plant, varying the height , leaf venation, their form and quantity, etc. In 2015, we have highlighted a number of morphological mutations in the M2 sunflower, which are inherited from the M1. The percentage of morphological changes in M2 was lower compared to the M1, but it does not significantly affect the yield of somatic changes in the M2. After analyzing the frequency and spectrum of morphological and physiological changes in the populations of M1 and M2, sunflower and amaranth, grown from seeds treated with different doses of gamma - rays the following was found: - gamma-rays doses of 120 Gy and 150 Gy are effective to induce broad spectrum and frequency morpho physiological changes in sunflower and amaranth. - a number of different morphosis types of M1 and M2 generations of sunflower and amaranth were studied and isolated mutant forms of M2 were checked, which confirmed the presence of the mutation.