Особливості технології вирощування малини ремонтантного типу

Abstract

Євдокименко С.Н. Особливості технології вирощування малини ремонтантного типу. У статті розглядаються біологічні особливості ремонтантних форм малини і пов’язані з ними технологічні переваги. Показана можливість механізації трудомістких агроприйомів з догляду за насадженнями, включаючи збір урожаю. Докладно викладено агротехніку вирощування ремонтантних сортів малини на садибних ділянках.

Евдокименко С.Н. Особенности технологии выращивания малины ремонтантного типа. В статье рассматриваются биологические особенности ремонтантных форм малины и связанные с ними технологические преимущества. Показана возможность механизации трудоёмких агроприемов по уходу за насаждениями, включая уборку урожая. Подробно изложена агротехника выращивания ремонтантных сортов малины.

Sergey Evdokimenko. Features of technology of cultivation of raspberry remontant type. The technology of growing remontant raspberry cultivars differs significantly from the cultivation of raspberry fructifying on the biennial stems in the middle of summer. Its fundamental difference is annual pre-winter cutting of fructified stems. Thanks to it the remontant raspberry is deprived of many defects, which has the summer raspberry (non-remontant). Firstly, the cultivation of remontant raspberry eliminates the problem of winter hardiness of shoots. Secondly, it simplifies the plantation care, since there is no need for manual cutting out of fructified stems, sheltering of shoots before winter, and bending them to the ground. These labor-intensive operations are replaced by massive mowing. Low (up to 1.5 m) straight growing bushes of many remontant raspberry cultivars do not need to install expensive trellis and tie up the shoots to it. Thirdly, by removing fructified stems from the plot in the fall, we significantly reduce the supply of infection and overwintering pests on them. And such dangerous pests as the raspberry beetle and raspberry-strawberry weevil do not cause damage to plantations of remontant raspberry as the phenophases of their and plant development do not coincide. This allows you to grow remontant raspberry without or with a limited usage of chemicals and get organic berries. To cultivate remontant raspberry cultivars successfully it is necessary to know and comply with some secrets of farming. Thus, the remontant raspberry plantations must be located on the most lit plots. But as for the south, very hot regions it is advisable to plant remontant raspberries in the cool areas. The best predecessors are green manures (leguminous mixture, mustard, colza, winter rye). When planting remontant raspberry, mineral fertilizers are not advisable to introduce directly into the hole, because seedling survival is greatly reduced. If you did not manage to introduce phosphorus-potassium fertilizers into the soil beforehand, apply them in the form of dressings. There are no differences in the time of planting for remontant raspberry seedlings with closed root system. They are planted during the whole growing season. And as for the seedlings with bare-root system, the planting dates are crucial. The preference should be given to spring planting. When planting, it is unacceptable to penetrate and bulge the root collar of the seedlings. The root collar of correctly planted seedlings should be at the level of the soil surface, and only in light soils it is permissible to penetrate by 2-4 cm. After planting, it is desirable to mulch the soil around the seedlings. It is recommended to plant most cultivars of remontant raspberry in the distance between the rows of 2.0-3.0 m (sometimes up to 3.5 m) and between the plants in the rows - 0.5-0.7 m on the medium fertile soil. The care of remontant raspberry is reduced to regular soil loosening, fertilizing, weed control and irrigation. Together with loosening and mulching the soil, it is necessary to introduce mineral fertilizers since the 2nd - 3rd year after planting. During intensive growth of raspberry shoots, it is more preferable to apply nitrogen fertilizer; during the formation of the crop, complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and a set of trace elements are used. The specific doses of fertilizer application are determined by the level of fertility and the quality of pre-planting soil preparation. Fractional foliar dressings as well as dressings of liquid organic fertilizers are particularly effective. In autumn with onset of extreme cold and end of fruiting period the entire aboveground part of remontant raspberry is cut, all the fallen leaves, berries and other remained trash are gathered.