Індукована мінливість морфологічних ознак у рослин амаранта при використанні гамма-опромінення

Abstract

Гудим О.В., Гопцій Т.І. Індукована мінливість морфологічних ознак у рослин амаранта при використанні гамма-опромінення. Наведені результати вивчення індукованої мінливості різних сортів ама- ранта виду А. hуpochondriacus залежно від дії різних доз гама-опромінення на на- сіння. Досліджувалися показники загальної частоти індукованих змін рослин ама- ранта та встановлена оптимальна доза, за якої отримана найбільша кількість мор- фофізіологічних змін – 150 гр.

Гопций Т.И., Гудим Е.В. Индуцированная изменчивость морфологических призна- ков у растений амаранта при использовании гамма- облучения. Приведены результаты изучения индуцированной изменчивости различных сортов амаранта вида А. hуpochondriacus в зависимости от действия различных доз гамма-облучения на семена. Исследовались показатели общей частоты индуциро- ванных изменений растений амаранта и установлена оптимальная доза, при кото- рой получено наибольшее количество морфо-физиологических изменений - 150 гр.

T.I. Hoptsii, O.V. Hudym. Induced changeability of marphological sighns of amaranth plants by using gamma-radiation. The aim of the work which was carried out in 2013 – 2014 at the chair of Genetics, Selection and Seed-breeding of KhNАU named after V.V. Dokuchayev was to determine the influence of gamma-radiation on intensification of formbuilding processes of amaranth species. The research was held on the experimental field of KhNАU named after V.V. Dokuchayev which is situated in the zone of average and unsteady moistening of the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. The climate is temperate and continental. The essential variations of air temperature and precipitations are possible in the zone. The object of the investigation: the influence of physical mutagens on morphological signs of amaranth species. The materials and methods of the research: three species of amaranth of А.hуpohondriacus kind, Sem, Kharkivskyi – 1, Studentskyi were included to the research. Seed treatment with physical mutagens (gamma-radiation) was held with the aim to get valuable, in agricultural relation, forms of amaranth. The source of radiation is Со60 . The doses of radiation are 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 30 Gy. The place of seed treatment is Kharkiv Regional Clinical Oncology Center, the Radiotherapy department, the laboratory for gamma radiation. The distant gamma plant is Theratton Elit-80. Also the seeds were treated with high doses of radiation of 400 Gy and 700 Gy to determine the lethal dose for amaranth plants. The place of treatment is NSC Institute of Metrology. The plant is DETU 12-05-02. Morphological anomalies which crops M2 had during the vegetation period were taken into account from the moment of young growth to flowering of all variants including control, and isolated. Subsequently, they will be sown with the aim to learn the changeability of the selective signs, to determine the frequency and the spectrum of chlorophyll and morphologic mutations. The field researches were held according to the methods of the field research. The phenological observations and calculations were carried out according to the methods of state species examination of agricultural crops. The evaluation of the plants was conducted visually and with the use of the measuring instruments and phototechnique. All singled out leaf morphosis, stem and inflorescences were the subject to qualitative calculations and quantitative characteristic. The achieved results witness about various morphological anomalies of amaranth plants as a result of radiation. The final identification of the causes and mechanisms of these phenomena require further study. According to the results of the research the following conclusions can be drawn: Amaranth seed treatment with low doses of physical mutagens 15 Gy, 30 Gy and 40 Gy had no significant effect on the morphological changes of such varieties as Studentskyi, Kharkivskyi – 1 and Sem. The number of plants with changes was within 6-25 pcs. (2-8%). Gamma radiation of the seeds of such amaranth varieties as Studentskyi, Kharkivskyi – 1 and Sem with doses of 400 Gy, 700 Gy led to the death of the plants in M1 generation. High frequency of morphosis found in M1 generation at a dose of radiation of 150 Gy, can provide detection of genetically modified forms in the following generations. Thus, the results of the studies indicate that the effect of certain doses of gamma radiation on seed increases the frequency of induced changes. Radiation dose of 150 Gy gives a maximum number of different modified forms.