Генеза і класифікація агрочорноземів України

Abstract

This article is generalization of research on the agrogenic chernozems development and classification. It offers a new approach for the classification of arable soils. Despite the great diversity of soils in Ukraine, natural soils are preserved in virgin areas in the steppe vegetation, where this development is at the humus-accumulative process of soil formation. When plowing virgin chernozems moving into a new stage of their development – agrogenic. An idea, that the analysis of elementary soil processes (ESP) allow you to cultivated chernozems genesis, is substantiate. So, the virgin black soils have their own set of ESP, but arable – other than virgin. The complex of soil cultivation measures, such as, plowing, fertilizing, meliorants application promotes the new specific chernozems profile has a set of genetic horizons: Htill+Hsubtill+Hpk+HPk+Pk, formed as a result of specific ESP: 1) agroturbation (tillage); 2) bioturbation; 3) humification; 4) humafixation; 5) artificially – accumulative ESP when organic and mineral fertilizers are applied, Calcium – containing meliorants (lime, gypsum); 6) agrotechnical deflation; 7) carbonatiration; 8) synthesis and resynthesis of cloy minerals. Virgin chernozems were formed under the influence of such ESP as: 1) gras litter formation; 2) greensward (turf) formation; 3) humification; 4) humifixation; 5) bioturbation; 6) carbonotiration; 7) clay minerals synthesis and resynthesis that couse the formation of natural chernozems profile: H+Hpk+HPk+Pk. Virgin and cultivated chernozem profile has accumulative origin, but virgin soils are formed under the humus – accumulative (turf) process of soil formation and agrogenik chernozems – agrogenic-accumulative. Human activity as a factor of soil formation is the driving force of agrogenetic soil genesis, but processes and mobes are controlled by environmental factors, especially climate.Virgin soils evolution has gradual and irreversible direction, but self healing process in agrogenic soils decreases continuously in action or even drastically reduces without permanent regulative human influence (applying fertilizers, meliorants, irrigation, etc.). In such cases we can see the revolution of soil genesis. Agrogenic soil development goes black in the direction of restoring previosty established natural soils. This approach distinguishes agrogenic soil development from their natural analogues development. In this article the agrogenic chernozems classification is shown according the following taxa: type → subtype → fomily type → kind → sort → rank.

Рассмотрено развитие и классификационное подразделение агрогенных черноземов с использованием анализа действия элементарных почвенных процессов (ЭПП).

Розглянуто розвиток і класифікаційний підрозділ агрогенних чорноземів на основі аналізу дії елементарних ґрунтових процесів (ЕҐП).